to the adversity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article Available from: Mackenzie S, Wiegel JR, Mundt M, Brown D, Saewyc E, Heiligenstein E, et al.. Depression and suicide ideation among students accessing campus health care. Seligmans (2011) PERMA model is one of the most highly regarded models of well-being. For university students, the pandemic brought about disruptions to life as they knew it. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131142. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. Point-biserial correlation By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6, Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. F. Luthans et al. Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. Now is my chance to help others. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. 2021;18(1): 355. Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. Guarding Your Joy: Keeping Your Mental Wellness High On Your Agenda, 7 Tips For Keeping A Routine For Your Wellness, Your Employees Are Stressed: Why Digital Mental Health Solutions Are Important In These Unpredictable Times And Beyond, Social Distancing And Staying Connected Through Games, Your Feelings (About Coronavirus) Are Valid, 10 Things You Can Do Besides Watch The News, A College Students 7 Tips For Transitioning To Online Classes. The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. Cut through misinformation by relying on reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Webstudents felt a lack of motivation, anxiety, stress, and isolation. Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. This instrument is used widely in studies with university students (e.g., Madhyastha et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 2008). Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of College Student Development, 50(1), 1934. SAGE. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. Specifically, the study addresses coping strategies and psychological capital (PsyCap; F. Luthans et al., 2007) and how they relate to levels of well-being. (2014). P = Positive Emotion, Cleveland, J Ment Health. Moderate level of perceived stress is indicated among the BSc Nursing students studying in nursing colleges located in Pune, with mean perceived stress score of the students Nurses being 21.88, and the mean coping strategies score was 74.38. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). Stumbling on happiness. WebCOVID-19 Coping Strategies. Flourishing (or well-being) is defined as a dynamic optimal state of psychosocial functioning that arises from functioning well across multiple psychosocial domains (Butler & Kern, 2016, p. 2). Consistent with prior research (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; Youssef-Morgan & Luthans, 2015), we found that PsyCap predicted well-being. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). Predicting the mental health of college students with psychological capital. Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Its enough to let them know theyre not alone. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). Building the leaders of tomorrow: The development of academic psychological capital. The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Helpful strategies of coping Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. Thus, there is potential for counselors to develop well-being promotion initiatives for students on university campuses targeting PsyCap and its constituting positive psychological HERO resources with the end goal of strengthening well-being (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011; F. Luthans et al., 2015; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. Counselors could help university students benefit from attending to, appreciating, and attaining lifes positives (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and from enhancing the strength and frequency of employing positive coping strategies through targeted psychoeducational or counseling interventions. Find activities that engage different parts of yourself. Jardin, C., Mayorga, N. A., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Sharp, C., Cardoso, J. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339366. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Stress Health, 31(3), 180188. Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. * p < .05, ** p < .01. Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 6063. As expected, negative emotion and loneliness significantly increased during the period of COVID-19, impacting overall well-being in an adverse manner. These strategies can be harmful and unhealthy with regard to effectively coping with stressors. All of these changes may have influenced students health B., Avolio, B. J., & Luthans, F. (2011). Aim of the Study and Research Questions Penguin Press. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. Wiley. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in National Survey of Counseling Center Directors 2008 [Internet]. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout. A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. Limit your media consumption. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. Field, A. Therefore, this Web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136. Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students' strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, optimism and hope each uniquely predict a major proportion of variance of the change in well-being and may together help students to face an uncertain future (M. W. Gallagher & Lopez, 2009). Cluster analysis for strategies of coping with stress. Avey, J. School child wearing face mask during corona virus and flu outbreak. Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. Factorial structure of Brief COPE for international students attending U.S. colleges. (2020). Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. WebCoping During Covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6).