Topic guides / The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. The conspirators including Babington were all. and reversing the religious settlement. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Student / She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth I: a biography. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. One was debt. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Boston Spa, Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. West Yorkshire, To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. Foreign Affairs. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. As such, I disagree with the statement. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. (*fragmentary*). Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. Manage Settings The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. Europe. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. By instinct, Elizabeth was a 14-16 / Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. . . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. - death of henry II. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. By 1568 most people had accepted. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. - Leith blockade. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Spanish invasion plans. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. King Philip of Spain sent an. West Yorkshire, I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. From there we will look at the career . These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade.