a) distributive justice abeka curriculum controversy. The need for achievement (nAch) is how much people are motivated to excel at the tasks they are performing, especially tasks that are difficult. a) expectancies 48. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards a. nondirectivec. The nAff has important implications for organizational behavior. e. Carl Jung. Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. b.) As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). Previously, most organizations attended primarily to hygiene factors. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. Job enrichment is one effective strategy; this frequently entails training and rotating employees through different jobs, or adding new challenges. Which of the following is classified as a content theory? e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. e) relatedness factors. 1999-2023, Rice University. a) only one need may be activated at the same time This need is oriented toward fulfilling responsibilities to the employer, not to the self. a) Motivator factors are related to job content. d) It is more effective in non-United States cultures. e) Self-actualization and physiological. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). We recommend using a e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. 30. To surrender. Give examples. SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence . With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Manny is classified as driven by a need for: d) esteem. Matching b. Verifiability c . c) Assumed positive inequity Identify situational conditions. Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. . Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). For each pair of socks purchased, the company donates a pair of socks to someone in need (Mulvey 2017). d.) esteem and physiological. Biology questions and answers. ) c) affiliation In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. e) ERG theory, Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. To excite, amaze, fascinate, entertain, shock, intrigue, amuse, or entice others. Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. Do we need to talk or be silent? e) 40, Locke and Latham goal-setting research found that __________. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). b) organizational policies and administration. b) The theory has been scientifically verified with methods other than the original. ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. As a result, they perform better in jobs that require teamwork. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. e) Reinforcement. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. a) achievement integrative. Abeka speech for every day review quiz 1 Flashcards. c.) Expectancy C) an effort toward creating goals. With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. We strive to make the need disappear. In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. b) perceived positive inequity d) valences e.) safety and self-actualization. a) MBO Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. Genetic Theory of Aging. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. The Promotion contains a game of chance . Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. b) Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual's interpretation of the situation. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. To revenge an injury. c) more than one need may be activated at the same time If not, Murray calls this a latent need. c) Do your best Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . ______________ is classified as a content theory. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? Some people like to knit, others like to carve wood. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? b. through empirical analysis. The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. a) Existence b) Social The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. To snub or jilt an object. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. Other people have lower affiliation needs. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. d) Social and esteem Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. identify relevant leadership behaviors. Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. a.) c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. a) pay Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. a) expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior Assume that any temporary external investment of money earns I0% per year and that any temporary financing is done at 6%. a.) Match each vocabulary term to its definition. According to Maslow, lower-order needs are: c. contingency. b) It should be consistent across different cultures. d) working conditions. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. To feed, help, support, console, protect, comfort, nurse, heal. d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high c) Esteem b.) Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. Skip to document . a) Expectations, relationships, and goals b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. They accept credit for success and blame for failure. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time According to CB Bhattacharya, the Pietro Ferrero Chair in Sustainability at ESMT European School of Management and Technology in Berlin, Germany, employment engagement, or how positive employees feel about their current job, was at an all-time low globally in 2016: 13 percent. These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. An employee who is often talkative, gives orders, and argues a lot is motivated by the need for power over others. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. Theory choice. To control ones human environment. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Because of Herzbergs work, organizations today realize the potential of motivators. 6. a) Esteem, social, and safety Why? c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the adaptive modes includes all the following, EXCEPT: A. Physiologic Needs B. Self Concept C. Role Function D. Interdependence E. Achievement Answer Key 4. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. b) safety. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? To overcome opposition forcefully. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. d) affiliation factors e) feeling of personal growth. a) achievement a) Acquired needs theory Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation b) the amount of effort a person puts forth a) The multiplier effect is still in question. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. d) Motivation-hygiene theory Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? d) power Motivators relate to job content. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location.
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