Countries of origin include: Argentina, Cuba, Spain, United States and Venezuela. But that is just tip of the iceberg. In 1984, Altarz created a band called "Adalberto Alvarez y su Son.". The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. Photos by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. Page 3. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/, Nobel Prize. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. His inventions include the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin Stove. She was the first Hispanic president of the American Public Health Association as well as a founding member of the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse, an organization that fought against the practice of forced sterilization. Spilling out of cafes and blasting from cars, music is a backdrop to daily life in Cuba. Born in New York City in 1929, Puerto Rican-American pediatrician and healthcare advocate Helen Rodrguez Tras helped improve access to public health services for women and children in both the United States and Puerto Rico. Try this: Protect your stuff by learning how to build your own door alarm. "Franklin R. Chang-Daz (Ph.D.)" September 2012. Born in Mexico City in 1896, Alfonso Caso y Andrade left a career as a legal scholar to pursue his passion: understanding the nature and evolution of Mexicos pre-Hispanic cultures [PDF]. It's known for being inexpensive and simple to make. Invented by researchers at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana, CimaVax targets a growth factor in cancer cells in a way that can arrest the spread of the disease. Learn more: Biography of Johannes Gutenberg, German Inventor of the Printing Press (ThoughtCo). The seven-time Grammy Award winner. Learn more: The Legacy of Dr. George Washington Carver. Tesla was the inventor and proponent of alternating current, which was ultimately proven more reliable than Edisons direct current. "If people knew about these cutting-edge treatments coming out of Cuba, people would want to have them," said Pierre LaRame, executive director of the Oakland-based Medical Education Cooperation with Cuba, which advocates for Cuban medical inventions in the U.S. and publishes an international, peer-reviewed journal focusing on Cuban health and medicine. Leloir was born in Paris to Argentine parents and lived in Buenos Aires from the age of 2, with the exception of a few years spent abroad. Milstein and his team developed a technique for the unlimited production of monoclonal antibodies, a type of antibody made by identical immune cells. "As far as Nimotuzumab is concerned, at least in the pediatric oncology setting, there isnt any study that has been successful enough to influence the FDA to allow it [to] be licensed or approved for pediatric use in North America," Bouffet said. During his 75-year career, he received several honors, including Spain's Prince of Asturias Award and France's Legion of Honor. (July 9, 2014) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892770/. He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007. Perhaps the most well-known Cuban innovation is the vaccine CimaVax. Fidel died in late 2016, and now Cubans are watching to see what further technological advances will arrive on the island. A pacifist, he refused a series of defense industry positions during the Cold War arms race, instead conducting research and teaching physics at the University of the Redlands, Baghdad University, MIT, and Harvey Mudd College. VSSP, originally designed as a compound to help boost the immune response to vaccines, also appears to enhance the anti-cancer immune response. The man credited with one of the most important Mesoamerican discoveries in history started out lecturing on legal philosophy. His all-electronic television system made TV one of the worlds favorite past-times. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/benacerraf-bio.html, Chang, Kenneth. Mndez was also the first person of African heritage in space. Known for: Any kid whos ever played with a Super Soaker or Nerf blaster has Dr. Johnson to thank! Try this: Learn how to make your own incandescent light bulb using a glass jar and a battery. Try this: Understand more about the anatomy of the eye by building a 3D human eye model. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/press.html, NASA. After the war, he worked on the first proton linear accelerator and was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in physics for his work with elementary particles [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. These include the aerial screw, which led to modern helicopters, and an underwater diving suit that was the precursor to todays scuba gear. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Please check your inbox to confirm. After earning his medical degree from the University of Buenos Aires, he worked at the Institute of Physiology with Bernardo Houssay. He attended the National School of Arts in Havana and later went on to become a music professor in the 70s. Known for: Gutenberg was the first European to invent the printing press. Wouldnt it have been nice if they all could have been available for testing, and we could have allowed scientific and medical reasons to drive why one or the other came to the market in a particular place, rather than political embargoes?. Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant speciesand she didnt even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old [PDF]. Vol. But she believed that one day theyd become more widely used and became one of the earliest computer programmers. When does spring start? regional theatre auditions Vol. Read on to find out more about some of the famous Cubans who have taken their culture around the world. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Among younger generations, the music scene has taken a turn toward house and electronica. Reuters. "Seeking Signs of Compatibility." Finlay noticed that yellow fever epidemics roughly coincided with Havana's mosquito season, but his mosquito-transmission hypothesis was met with disdain for decades until he convinced American military surgeon Walter Reed (like the hospital) to look into it. Access to culture was a principal pillar of the communist system Fidel Castro installed in Cuba. dorfromantik switch release; lecture en ligne chevaliers d'emeraude; scorpio rising intimidating; sometimes i feel like a motherless child django; antique wicker repair near me; tupperware mid august brochure 2020; anxiety: a very short introduction; One of the first Black women in U.S. history to receive a patent, she expanded upon . Since then, rum and coke has been among the world's most well-known cocktails. "Ellen Ochoa (Ph. Cuban inventor Yolando Perez Paez uses his new makeshift crop spraying tool on a corn field at a farm near the village of Guira de Melenas in the province of Artemisa, some 50 km (31 miles). Try this: Sprout sweet potatoes in water to learn how plants grow. Andrs Arturo Garca Menndez, professionally known as Andy Garcia, is a Cuban American actor. 2004. The most promising change yet came Tuesday, when the Obama administration announced that American dollars will now be. June 2010. "Nobel Lecture: Polar Ozone Depletion." Internet cards connect customers at a wifi hotspot in Havana. Surgery is the primary way to treat most head and neck tumors, but these procedures can severely affect people's ability to chew, swallow or talk. History and Culture. He became known in the late 1980s and 1990s, having appeared in several successful Hollywood films, including The Godfather Part III, The Untouchables, Internal Affairs and When a Man Loves a Woman. Vol. The first, a child of Spanish immigrants, spent his life in his homeland and dedicated himself to the treatment of leprosy there; the second, born of Spanish Moroccan and French Moroccan parents, spent his formative years in Paris and most of his life in America, and studied the genetic causes of autoimmune diseases. A new television covers the wall of an old home in Havana. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? New music is taking over for salsa in Havana's hippest clubs. "Luis W. Our final entry jointly honors two pioneers of space: physicist Franklin Chang-Daz, the first Hispanic-American astronaut, and engineer Ellen Ochoa, the first female Hispanic-American astronaut (see her picture on the first page). Her stories have appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post and National Geographic. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Perhaps the most well-known Cuban innovation is the vaccine CimaVax. "Csar Milstein -- Biographical." LEFT: Cuban inventor Yolando Perez Baez demonstrates his engine-starting device which can work in the place of a starter motor-a component that frequently fails. Armstrong also noted that besides amputation, the only treatment currently available to Americans with diabetic foot ulcers is a cream with a "black box warning," indicating that the treatment has serious or life-threatening side effects. She invented the Laserphaco Pro probe, which revolutionized cataract surgery. The Great Fever. (July 7, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383094/Cesar-Milstein, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Gloria Estefan. Perhaps theyll be inspired to become famous inventors themselves! Try this: Find an old CRT TV or monitor and learn how cathode ray tubes work using a strong magnet. Take these two eminent medical men both born in Caracas, Venezuela, whom you'll meet in a little bit. Try this: Franklin is famous for experimenting with electricity. Jenny Marder. Even before a reliable Internet connection, Cubans had created their own versions of Craigslist, Yelp, and eBay. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. Kids will be astonished! "Alfonso Caso y Andrade." (July 3, 2014) http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/12/us-venezuela-people-convit-idUSKBN0DS1A720140512, Crutzen, Paul. Multiple studies of different populations of people who have had their lower limbs amputated show that the procedure is linked to an increased risk of early death, suggesting either that surgery is a trauma many people don't survive, or that people who submit to this kind of amputation are some of the most vulnerable and at-risk patients in care. The island nation, hemmed in by a 54-year trade embargo with the U.S., cant exchange goods with one of the worlds largest economies and the largest medical market. The following year, he and Felix Bloch pioneered measuring a neutron's magnetic moment, that is, its tendency to align with an applied magnetic field (an important clue that the neutrally charged particle is made of electrically charged fundamental particles). onenote change background color; rolfe reflective model 2001 reference; tommy welch chicago fire actor; meath ireland pronunciation; texas railroad commission well search by operator After studying robotics in art school, Yusnier Mentado Fernndez started working on his own creations using processors from Italy. Bernardo Alberto Houssay was barely out of puberty himself when he began researching the pituitary gland, but then he was always a bit of a prodigy: The intelligence that helped him stand out from his seven siblings had previously earned him a spot in pharmacy school at age 14. Given the thousands of lives he saved and the decades of scorn he endured, we'd say he deserved them. 1947. This was especially true in the case of the chemically inert chains of chlorine and fluorine atoms strapped to a carbon backbone known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. On weekends, plazas are crammed with bands and dancers showing off their salsa moves. Photos by Ernesto Oroza. Unfortunately, all of this creativity is motivated by profound poverty and desperation. Before she spent her days overseeing Americas science and scientific education programs, Crdova conducted important research on X-ray and gamma ray sources, accretion discs, and black holes, publishing more than 150 scientific papers. 4. In addition to CimaVax, Roswell Park is also investigating Racotumomab and VSSP -- two more promising cancer drugs invented by CIM. Before Google doodles, we honored important forgotten figures with postage stamps. There were major hurdles facing Cubas entry into the technologically advancing world. Now, in the Internet era there are no shortage of Cuban entrepreneurs aspiring to overcome the technological drought. "Award Ceremony Speech: Luis Leloir." "Leprosy Vaccine Scientist Dies, Aged 100." Invented by researchers at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana, CimaVax targets a growth factor in cancer cells in a way that can arrest the spread of the disease. Born in 1870 in Washington D.C. to a Mexican diplomat father, Mexia spent many years as a social worker before enrolling as an undergraduate at the University of California Berkeley and discovering her passion for botany. May, Leopold. Rum And Coke Rum and coke, also known as Cuba Libre, was invented after Cuba gained independence after the Spanish-American War. Try this: Follow Bill Nyes lead and try this candle-extinguishing experiment to learn how effective face masks are. Although he was among the 150 educators sacked during Gen. Juan Pern's 1943 military coup, he became one of the most influential physician-scientists of 20th-century Latin America. (July 7, 2014) http://www.6911norfolk.com/d0lbln/105f06/105f06-wohl-alvarez.pdf, World Health Organization. Born in Buenos Aires in 1968, physicist Juan M. Maldacena studies the relationship between quantum gravity and quantum field theories. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. Not according to biology or history. Students who studied technology, like 34-year-old Yusnier Fernndez, find ways to put their skills to use. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. All rights reserved. A quick glance at Luis Alvarez's array of research and engineering projects reveals why colleagues described him as the "prize wild idea man." Try this: Visit thrift shops to find an old panini press, then turn it into a printing press. famous cuban inventions. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Miguel Angel Ondetti has been granted more than 100 patents, including U.S. Patent 4,105,776 for "Proline Derivatives and Related Compounds" also known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to treat hypertension. Instead, he gave the world the concept of crop rotation. Try this: Assemble a homemade pulley system to mimic Jeffersons dumbwaiter. But back in 1881, when Finlay first presented his extensive research suggesting that mosquitoes transmitted the disease to Havanas Academy of Sciences, he became a laughingstock. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Try this: Use an app like Roblox to design and create your own video game experience. This bicycle has a soda bottle for a fuel tank. In 1969, Liotta developed the first total artificial heart to . They may not have to wait long: Raul has promised to cede power in 2018, and a likely successor is Vice President Miguel Diaz-Canel, a frequent Facebook user. Racotumomab targets a molecule that scientists believe is found on all cancer cells, which means the drug could one day be effective against blood cancers as well as the solid tumors that accompany diseases like lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer. A mans world? The New York-based Roswell Park Cancer Institute is evaluating CimaVax for use in the U.S. MP3 players and rear-facing cameras are common additions. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Their flight marked the first engine-powered manned aircraft. A Julin Acua Gal C Fidel Castro Daz-Balart D Jos Daporta Gozlez E Ernesto Estrada F Carlos Finlay G Alberto Granado M Hctor Maseda Gutirrez Jos Carlos Mills Hilda Molina N Desiderio Navarro P Leopoldo Pando Zayas Javier Perez-Capdevila A large weight is hoisted up and dropped to spin a flywheel to start motors around the farm. Try this: Experiment by building paper airplanes to see which design performs best in flight. Try this: Looking for a cool science fair idea? That's what makes the medical prominence of Cuba all the more surprising to those who view a free market as an essential driver of scientific discovery. You can thank Marie Van Brittan Brown. For any other drug that wasnt made in Cuba, Colevas said, that ratio would probably be reversed. Andy Ruiz, one of the only people producing 360 degree videos in Cuba, gets the technology brought in from connections in America. He used and improved on the technology of the time to make the first commercial steamboats. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. A small laptop mounted in a 1955 Ford Mercury. 1970. But after President Obama lowered sanctions in 2009, restored diplomatic ties in 2014, and removed Cuba from the State Sponsors of Terrorism list in 2015a digital revolution has dawned. Learn more: Thomas Jennings, Smithsonian Magazine. Try this: Screen movies using a homemade projector built with a cardboard box and a magnifying glass. November 2007. But despite early disappointment in U.S. trials, Dr. Dimitrios Colevas, a medical oncologist who specializes in new drug development for head and neck cancer at Stanford, says that Nimotuzumab may be unique compared to other cancer medicines that also target epidermal growth factor receptors, in that it doesnt seem to have the same toxic side effects. 101 JFK Parkway | Short Hills, NJ | 07078 | (973) 921-5500, Protected: Classroom Talk-to-Text Project, Biography of Johannes Gutenberg, German Inventor of the Printing Press (ThoughtCo), Da Vinci-style ornithopter with household items, one of these kid-safe electricity experiments, Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments, learn to make a model of a steam power generator, Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography (ThoughtCo), homemade projector built with a cardboard box and a magnifying glass, these fun assembly line classroom activities, The Legacy of Dr. George Washington Carver. IUBMB Life. Scottron was a . Routledge. 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. By combining these cells with immortal myeloma cells, Milstein and postdoc Georges Khler produced large amounts of long-lived, identical (monoclonal) antibodies. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988." He became an American citizen in 1977. Try this: With a few basic supplies, you can experiment with dry cleaning at home. 2014. She went on to become the first Black female millionaire in the U.S. Learn more: The Farmboy Who Invented Television (Smithsonian Magazine). Ernesto Lecuona, often regarded as the greatest Cuban composer Esteban Salas y Castro, 18th century Cuban baroque composer Gonzalo Roig, often regarded as one of the greatest composers of Cuba, "Quiere me mucho"/ Cecilia Valdez Ignacio Cervantes, Chopinesque piano composer Jos White Lafitte, violinist and composer Currently a faculty member at the Institute for Advanced Studies, he has been awarded the Fundamental Physics Prize (2012) and appeared on the Einsteins Dream episode of PBSs Big Ideas. However, he is most well-known for two significant contributions to modern technologythe reCAPTCHA system and Duolingo. "Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement: Bernardo Alberto Houssay." Unfortunately, the resulting soup of B cells and immunoglobulin is unsuited to targeted research. She first served on a nine-day mission aboard the space shuttle Discovery, where she and a team of astronauts studied Earths ozone layer, then returned to space three more times, spending nearly 1000 hours in orbit. Known for: Though hes often said to have invented peanut butter, Carvers many achievements didnt actually include that popular product. Water pump motors propel bicycles, clothes dryers are repurposed into coconut shredders. Benacerraf later recalled how the mixture of his heritage and upbringing created difficulties for him both in America and when he later temporarily moved to Paris [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. The world will forever associate two names with leprosy, aka Hansen's disease: Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen, who in 1873 discovered the bacterium that causes it; and Jacinto Convit, who created a new vaccine for the slow-acting, disfiguring and deadly disease by combining a known tuberculosis treatment with an armadillo bacterium in 1987 [sources: BBC; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chinea; Yandell]. A portable bluetooth speaker for sale is tested out on the streets of Central Havana. Reed and his colleagues, who had been dispatched to Cuba to fight the disease that had killed so many soldiers during the Spanish-American War, helped Finlay improve his experiments and verified that the species now known as Aedes aegypti was indeed the culprit. All you need to make it is a light rum, Coca-Cola, and a little bit of lime for garnish. Astrophysicist France A. Crdovawas the director of the National Science Foundation, a federal agency that develops programs to advance all fields of scientific discovery, from 2014 to 2020. At the time, yellow fever still ravaged the tropics, terrorizing populations and disrupting shipping, especially in Havana [sources: Frierson; Haas; PBS; WHO; UVHSL]. Known for: Da Vinci was the original Renaissance Man. Known for: Every time you plug your phone in to charge or attach a component to your laptop, you can thank Ajay Bhatt for inventing USB technology. Dr. Eric Bouffet, director of the brain tumor program at Toronto's Hospital For Sick Children, is the only investigator to date who has completed a Nimotuzumab trial in North America. Convit also developed a vaccination against leishmaniasis, a protozoal skin disease linked to poverty and malnutrition. June 18, 2014. However, most transactions between Cuba and the U.S. are still prohibited, which is why Cuban drugs face additional regulatory hurdles for testing and marketing compared to other drugs developed overseas. Milstein was born to poor immigrant parents in Baha Blanca, Argentina, and attended the universities of Buenos Aires and Cambridge, where he earned his Ph.D. His father hailed from Spanish Morocco, but he was greatly influenced by his French-Algerian mother's culture. Known for: Bloodmobiles are a common sight these days, thanks to Dr. Drew. Nicholas Gerbis Page. From groundbreaking biologists and physicists to innovators in the fields of medicine, botany, and environmental studies, here are 10 game-changing Hispanic scientists you should know about. Known for: While kids may not know Baers name, theyre sure to love his accomplishments. The White House is continuing to lift trade restrictions between the U.S. and Cuba. (July 7, 2014) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/, Yandell, Kate. "Nobel Prize. These ulcers can become vulnerable to gangrene (tissue death), and in a worst-case scenario can result in toe, foot or leg amputations. A reported 5,000 patients worldwide have been treated with CimaVax. By 2013, Heberprot-P had been registered in 15 other countries and used to treat more than 100,000 patients. As a child in Mexico City, Molina admired his aunt, a chemist, and emulated her by converting a spare bathroom into a makeshift chemistry lab. Since then, researchers have applied his technique to other antibody hybrids and produced a versatile array of assays and diagnostics, including tools used in pregnancy tests, biomarkers, cancer treatments, highly specific vaccines, and blood and tissue typing [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chang; Telegraph UK]. Ruiz pays contacts in the U.S. to buy and bring the necessary technology to Havana. Researchers can test the drug for rare diseases in clinical trials, but it's not available to the general public. Born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1948, Adalberto Alvarez was a famous Cuban pianist, musical director, and composer. Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) Ada Lovelace decided to add her own notes while she was translating the notes of Charles Babbage, a mathematics professor. This allowed mass production of his incredibly popular Model T and other cars. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. May 2005. You may not know what reCAPTCHA is, but you see it almost every time you sign into a new website. Raul Castro, Fidels younger brother, has led the country since 2006. After all that excitement, he retired from NASA in 2005 [sources: NASA]. Try this: Make your own camera obscura with a box and basic household supplies. Vol. Today, 50 plant species are named for her. Known for: This Founding Father was an innovator in more ways than one, and he was among historys most famous inventors. This makes finding one "cure" difficult, if not impossible. He argued that evidence showed Indigenous peoples in the Americas formed their own cultures, independently of those in the Old World. Electronics are still hard to buy in Cuba, and often come from relatives who live in the United States. The work earned him the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry, an honor he shared with Rowland and Paul J. Crutzen, a pioneer in studying nitrogen oxide effects on ozone destruction [sources: Crutzen; Nobel Prize; Nobel Prize]. Compared to other countries, America has filed the most patents in the life sciences, is conducting most of the world's clinical trials and has published the most biomedical research. When Csar Milstein produced the first monoclonal antibodies in 1975, he not only solved this problem, he became one of the fathers of modern medicine. (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. His swivel chair was an instant hit, and he also created the dumbwaiter system. All Rights Reserved. George Washington Carver, though famous for his idea of peanut butter, did far more than that. The most famous symbol of Cubas embargo-innovation balancing act are the vintage American cars. In 2006 Palmaz earned a place in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Ochoa, who was honored with NASAs Distinguished Service Medal, served as the director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, from 2013 to 2018. This list may not reflect recent changes . Clockwise from left, in the photos above, the motors have been repurposed as coconut shredder, a key duplicator, a grinding wheel, and a shoe repair tool. Havanas first independent electronic music studio was started by DJ Ra. Nimotuzumab has had orphan drug status in the U.S. for the treatment of glioma since 2004 and for pancreatic cancer since 2015. The New York Times. Many Cubans have relatives in the U.S., so relying on outside parts is common. Ochoa researched information processing at Sandia National Laboratories and NASA Ames Research Center and listed as co-inventor on three patents in optics, object recognition and image processing. Recruited by Booker T. Washington for the Tuskegee Institute, George did extensive work and study on agriculture. Photos by Ernesto Oroza. Known for: Ford not only invented the automobile; he also designed the assembly line. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. (July 7, 2014) http://faculty.cua.edu/may/Leloir.pdf, Meier, Natalie. Learn more: Our Dad Invented the N95 Mask. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. But Caso's influence extended far beyond the sciences. Since 2006, Cuba has had a drug for foot ulcers called Heberprot-P that prevents the need for amputations. "Luis Leloir -- Biographical." (July 3, 2014) http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37619/title/The-Leprosy-Bacillus--circa-1873/, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, Franklin Chang-Daz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part I (podcast), Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part II (podcast), 12 Deadly Diseases Cured in the 20th Century. He shared the prize with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori (ne Radnitz), pioneers in understanding the catalytic conversion of glycogen [sources: Magill; Nobel Prize; USASEF]. Certain mouse spleen cells offered hope, but the specific antibodies they produced died too quickly to be useful. Maldacenas research on the duality of conjecture was so groundbreaking, the participants of a 1998 string theory conference wrote a song to honor him called The Maldacena (sung and danced to the tune of The Macarena. It was the 1990s, after all).
Cherokee Yacht Club Membership Cost, What Are Allowable Deductions Against Gross Income Quizlet, Articles F