In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? Dave, [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. Ten were sentenced to death. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. Luxury Car Tours. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. [1] Another method of execution practiced in Stutthof was lethal injection of phenol. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. Berlin CNN A 96-year-old man accused of being an SS guard at the Stutthof camp in Nazi-occupied Poland has been deemed "unfit to stand trial." The man, named only as "Harry S.," is. The following gut-twisting images are among a number to be found here. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. She kicked me so hard that I fell. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. She called. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. 1. Several thousand prisoners were directed towards the nearby Baltic coast and hundreds were forced into the sea and shot. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. She committed suicide in 1967. Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). HAMBURG, Germany A German court on Thursday found a former Nazi SS camp guard guilty of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder and one case of accessory to attempted murder equal to the number. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. Two weeks later, on September 15th 1939 . It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. The 99-year-old, who has not been identified, is thought to have worked as a guard at the Ravensbrck concentration camp between 1943 and 1945, authorities said. Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. 2023 BBC. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. Bus Tours. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. 99 . If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? TheUntoldPast has the right to delete any comment with this content inside it and also ban the user from the channel. [38], In July 2021, a 96-year-old German secretary, Irmgard Furchner, who had been part of KZ Stutthof was arrested to be tried for war crimes. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34km (21mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdask) in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. 2023.02.28. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Bruno Dey, a teenager at the time in question, was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder. These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. View the list of all donors. In 1949, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Hans Jacobi, the commandant of Stutthof subcamps forming Baukommando Weichsel or OT Thorn (Organisation Todt Thorn) for women digging anti-tank ditches,[6] was tried before the criminal court in Toru and sentenced to three years in prison. At Auschwitz she would pick kids as pets, with one survivor recalling how she dressed one in fine clothing, parading it around like a puppet - only to send the child to the gas chamber when she got bored. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. The well known Nuremberg Trials were only concerned with concentration camps as evidence for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich leadership. The area was secluded: to the north was the Bay of Danzig, to the east the Vistula Bay, and to the west the Vistula River. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. Read about our approach to external linking. Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. In another cruel punishment - known as making sport - she ordered prisoners to strip before making them perform strenuous exercise in full view of other prisoners, before being beaten. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. I PROMISE. The man had . The infamous main entrance to Stutthof became known as the Death Gate, Irmgard Furchner was given a two-year suspended jail term for complicity in murder, Zigi Shipper and Manfred Goldberg came from different countries but were able to communicate in Yiddish, Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,500 murders, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, Chris Rock jokes about Oscars slap in Netflix show, Everything Everywhere wins big ahead of Oscars, PM to end asylum claims from small boat arrivals, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Mbappe breaks PSG goal record in win over Nantes. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. When the Allies tried the perpetrators of the Holocaust after the end of the war, the public was surprised by the beastly behavior of female guards like Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, who often committed worse acts than their male counterparts. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. Conditions in the camp were brutal. She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. In the last year of the Second World War, Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was a young SS-guard in the German concentration camp Stutthof. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. She died in 1989. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. ch LOTTERIA NAZIONALE E-MAIL PREMIO VOTO 2010 Le stato assegnato la somma di 750.000,00 sterline alla lo. Do you know this baby? In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. UN negotiating final terms of High Seas Treaty, Tunisia labor union protests President Saied. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. The second commandant SS-Sturmbannfhrer Paul-Werner Hoppe (August 1942 - January 1945) was apprehended in 1953 in West Germany and later sentenced to nine years imprisonment. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. The number of inmates increased considerably in 1944, with Jews forming a significant proportion of the newcomers. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. [2] The accused were arraigned before the court and all found guilty. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. Apprehended after the war, she was sentenced and publicly hanged in Gdansk. Key and copyright. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber.
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