There must be no overhang once the trailer is loaded, and drivers should have clear visibility on all sides of the vehicle. If the vehicle is provided with placard boards, the placards must be applied to these boards. The person performing unloading functions must be trained in handling emergencies that may occur during the unloading operation. People that load trailers, must start with the premise that trailer doors do not qualify as securement devices. However, the guidelines are broad, guiding use by all "fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines." Whenever a motor carrier has knowledge concerning the hazards of spontaneous combustion or heating of any article to be loaded on a motor vehicle, such article shall be so loaded as to afford sufficient ventilation of the load to provide reasonable assurance against fire from this cause; and in such a case the motor vehicle shall be unloaded as soon as practicable after reaching its destination. This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial. While OSHA regulations arent identical to laws, they do follow a rigid process of creation, complete with ample oversight and testing. It can take years for OSHA to introduce a new standard into the Code of Federal Regulations. There are seven distinct steps in this process: The maximum gross weight of Division 2.3 Hazard Zone A material carried on one vehicle must not exceed 3,636 kg (8,000 lbs.). The transportation of a Division 2.3 (poisonous gas) or Division 6.1 (poisonous) material is not permitted if there is any interconnection between packagings. (3) In either such case, such containers shall be safely and securely blocked or held down to prevent shifting relative to each other or to the supporting structure when in transit, particularly during sudden starts and stops and changes of direction of the vehicle. 112 of Pub. (e) Chlorine cargo tank motor vehicles shall be shipped only when equipped: (1) With a gas mask of a type approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Center, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for chlorine service; and. 177.838 Class 4 (flammable solid) materials, Class 5 (oxidizing) materials, and Division 4.2 (self-heating and pyrophoric liquid) materials. Choosing an item from per pallet and the cylinders must be secured within the pallet by a web strap rated at 4,545 kg (10,000 lbs.). (4) The other vehicle in the combination contains any: (i) Substances, explosive, n.o.s., Division 1.1A (explosive) material (Initiating explosive). No packages of Class 1 (explosive) materials shall be thrown or dropped during process of loading or unloading or handling of Class 1 (explosive) materials. (a) Lading within body or covered; tailgate closed; pick-up and delivery. (2) All valves and other closures in liquid discharge systems are closed and free of leaks, except external emergency self-closing valves on MC 338 cargo tanks containing the residue of cryogenic liquids may remain either open or closed during transit. WebExcept as provided in paragraph (b) (4) of this section, the driver of a truck or truck tractor must -. While at the loading dock, OSHA states that, "A positive mechanical means to secure trucks or trailers to a loading dock" can be used provided that effectively immobilizes the vehicle. is available with paragraph structure matching the official CFR In addition, each package must be must be placed in a plastic bag which is taped closed and then overpacked in a UN 1A2 steel drum tested and marked for a PG II or higher performance level with insulation material inside to protect the cylinders from fire. (f) Class 1 (explosive) materials vehicles, floors tight and lined. The vehicle should be as stable as possible. Additional bond wires are not needed around All-Metal flexible or swivel joints, but are required for nonmetallic flexible connections in the stationary system piping. Class 4 (flammable solid) materials, Class 5 (oxidizing) materials, and Division 4.2 (self-heating and pyrophoric liquid) materials. (iii) Restrictions on automatic cargo-space-heating temperature control devices. switch to drafting.ecfr.gov. These vehicles must be kept closed at all times other than loading and unloading. (h) Division 4.2 (pyrophoric liquid) materials in cylinders. OSHA also has jurisdiction in airport terminals unless the FAA has negotiated an airport manual and safety plan with a carrier which has a provision that preempts OSHA's jurisdiction by Section 4(b)1 for that provision. All storage batteries containing any electrolyte must be so loaded, if loaded with other lading, that all such batteries will be protected against other lading falling onto or against them, and adequate means must be provided in all cases for the protection and insulation of battery terminals against short circuits. Many of the most germane standards for tractor trailers are established by this agency. Regulation Y Cylinders containing Division 4.2 (pyrophoric liquid) materials, unless packed in a strong box or case and secured therein to protect valves, must be loaded with all valves and safety relief devices in the vapor space. (8) The heater unit must utilize outside air for combustion (air from the cargo space cannot be used for combustion). WebEnsure the vehicle or trailer has its brakes applied and all stabilisers are used. WebLoading & Unloading Semi-Trailers 1910.178 (k) (1) The brakes of highway trucks shall be set and wheel chocks placed under the rear wheels to prevent the trucks from rolling while they are boarded with powered industrial trucks. Motor vehicles transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) materials shall have tight floors; shall have that portion of the interior in contact with the load lined with either non-metallic material or non-ferrous metals, except that the lining is not required for truck load shipments loaded by the Departments of the Army, Navy or Air Force of the United States Government provided the Class 1 (explosive) materials are of such nature that they are not liable to leakage of dust, powder, or vapor which might become the cause of an explosion. (n) Emergency shut down. (a) Arsenical compounds in bulk. Title 49 was last amended 2/03/2023. (4) Requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph (b) shall not be construed as prohibiting stacking of containers provided the provisions of paragraph (3) of this paragraph (b) are fully complied with. Jacks are used when loading and unloading a tractor trailer. (2) Each LPG fuel tank for automatic temperature control equipment must have its discharge valve closed and its fuel feed line disconnected. For chlorine cargo tank motor vehicles, the qualified person must remain within arm's reach of a means to stop the flow of product except for short periods when it is necessary to activate controls or monitor the receiving container. 177-85, 60 FR 50335, Sept. 28, 1995; 63 FR 52850, Oct. 1, 1998; 65 FR 58631, Sept. 29, 2000; 67 FR 53142, Aug. 14, 2002; 75 FR 53597, Sept. 1, 2010; 79 FR 40618, July 11, 2014]. WebLogging. This standard would include such mechanical devices as jack stands. Charcoal screenings, or ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal, in bags, shall be so loaded that the bags are laid horizontally in the motor vehicle, and so piled that there will be spaces for effective air circulation, which spaces shall not be less than 10 cm (3.9 inches) wide; and air spaces shall be maintained between rows of bags. 5, 1967]. (2) When a cargo tank is loaded or unloaded through a vapor-tight (not open hole) top or bottom connection, so that there is no release of vapor at a point where a spark could occur, bonding or grounding is not required. (D) Motor carriers must have a satisfactory safety rating as prescribed in 49 CFR part 385. (1) Loading. (B) Cylinders must be transported in an upright position and securely restrained within the trailer, or loaded into racks, secured to pallets, or packed in wooden or fiberboard boxes or crates to prevent the cylinders from shifting or overturning within the motor vehicle under normal transportation conditions. (f) Nitrates, except ammonium nitrate having organic coating, must be loaded in closed or open type motor vehicles, which must be swept clean and be free of any projections capable of injuring bags when so packaged. developer resources. WebBackground on FMCSA and OSHA Requirements: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulations state that a driver must not operate a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) if the load isnt properly secured. (a) Engine stopped. WebGross trailer weight rating. The gross trailer weight rating (GTWR) is the total mass of a road trailer that is loaded to capacity, including the weight of the trailer itself, plus fluids and cargo, that a vehicle is rated to tow by the manufacturer. Such bonding shall be made by first connecting an electric conductor to the container to be filled and subsequently connecting the conductor to the container from which the liquid is to come, and not in any other order. (c) Wrappers must be placed near each This contact form is only for website help or website suggestions. For Federal Register citations affecting 177.840, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov. OSHA eTool. L. 112-141, 126 Stat. (d) Packages must be so blocked and braced that they cannot change position during conditions normally incident to transportation. Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 materials that are stored during transportation in commerce must be attended and afforded surveillance in accordance with 49 CFR 397.5. Assuming this practice is violated and the load is not otherwise secured by No tools which are likely to damage the effectiveness of the closure of any package or other container, or likely adversely to affect such package or container, shall be used for the loading or unloading of any Class 1 (explosive) material or other dangerous article. (2) The qualified person monitoring unloading must remain within arm's reach of the mechanical means of closure for the internal self-closing stop valve when the internal self-closing stop valve is open except for short periods when it is necessary to activate controls or monitor the receiving container. (f) A cargo tank motor vehicle used for transportation of chlorine may not be moved, coupled or uncoupled, when any loading or unloading connections are attached to the vehicle, nor may it be left without the power unit attached unless the vehicle is chocked or equivalent means are provided to prevent motion. To provide against ignition of vapors by discharge of static electricity, the latter connection shall be made at a point well removed from the opening from which the Class 3 (flammable liquid) material is to be discharged. Workers loading and unloading materials should be instructed in safe procedures appropriate to the material they handle. Your railings must: Uneven loads can make the vehicle or trailer unstable. Shipment in water-tight bulk containers need not be covered by a tarpaulin or other means. Included is a section, Log Loading andTransporting, which outlines the required and recommended work practices that can reduce logging hazards to the vehicle (e) Handbrake set while loading and unloading. Throughout the trucking industry, Powered Industrial Trucks, 29 CFR 1910.178, is the most commonly cited standard. The agency that is most likely to specifically guide standards for tractor trailers on American highways is the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Division. (b) Each package containing a hazardous material bearing package orientation markings prescribed in 172.312 of this subchapter must be loaded on a transport vehicle or within a freight container in accordance with such markings and must remain in the correct position indicated by the markings during transportation. (See Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, part 392 of this title.) Loads should be secured, or arranged so For a cargo tank unloading a material meeting the definition for combustible liquid in 173.150(f) of this subchapter, the qualified person attending the unloading operation must remain within 45.72 meters (150 feet) of the cargo tank and 7.62 meters (25 feet) of the delivery hose and must observe both the cargo tank and the receiving container at least once every five minutes during unloading operations that take more than five minutes to complete. Drivers must not be impaired by drugs or alcohol. For Federal Register citations affecting 177.835, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov. (2) Unloading. A Specification DOT-4L cylinder containing hydrogen, cryogenic liquid may only be transported on a motor vehicle as follows: (i) The vehicle must have an open body equipped with a suitable rack or support having a means to hold the cylinder upright when subjected to an acceleration of 2 g in any horizontal direction; (ii) The combined total of the hydrogen venting rates, as marked, on the cylinders transported on one motor vehicle may not exceed 60 SCF per hour; (iii) The vehicle may not enter a tunnel; and. (g) A motor vehicle may only contain 45.4 kg (100 pounds) or less net mass of material described as Smokeless powder for small arms, Division 4.1 or Black powder for small arms, Division 4.1.. (b) Bonding and grounding containers other than cargo tanks prior to and during transfer of lading. (i) Use of combustion cargo heaters. Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process. Workers engaged in the loading or unloading of suspension-type highway trailers may be at an increased risk of injury due to the inability of damaged trailers to support the weight of the powered industrial truck used to load or unload the trailer. Operators need not use instruments or take extraordinary actions to check components not readily visible. For each shipment, the driver shall make a written record of the cargo tank pressure and ambient (outside) temperature: (2) Immediately before and after any manual venting. All of that portion of the lading of any motor vehicle transporting Class 4 (flammable solid) or Class 5 (oxidizing) materials shall be contained entirely within the body of the motor vehicle and shall be covered by such body, by tarpaulins, or other suitable means, and if such motor vehicle has a tailboard or tailgate, it shall be closed and secured in place during such transportation: Provided, however, That the provisions of this paragraph need not apply to pick-up and delivery motor vehicles when such motor vehicles are used in no other transportation than in and about cities, towns, or villages. (4) Cylinders for acetylene. 177-35, 41 FR 16131, Apr. (1) When transporting Class 1 (explosive) materials. For a cargo tank motor vehicle with an off-truck remote control shut-off capability as required by 173.315(n)(3) or (n)(4) of this subchapter, the qualified person attending the unloading operation must be in possession of the activation device at all times during the unloading process. David Ward has written professionally for websites since 2009. When a cargo tank is unloaded by a suction-piping system through an open filling hole of the cargo tank, electrical continuity shall be maintained from cargo tank to receiving tank. (D) Drums containing non-hazardous materials that are compatible with materials in all other drums immediately around them. Nothing contained in this section shall be so construed as to prohibit the loading of such cylinders on any motor vehicle having a floor or platform and racks as hereinbefore described. (m) Tanks constructed and maintained in compliance with Spec. (iii) Separated from hazardous materials classed as Class 3, Class 8 or Divisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, or 5.2 by a nine-foot (minimum distance) buffer zone, when in a transport vehicle. Care shall be exercised in the loading and unloading of arsenical dust, arsenic trioxide, and sodium arsenate, allowable to be loaded into sift-proof, steel hopper-type or dump-type motor-vehicle bodies equipped with water-proof, dust-proof covers well secured in place on all openings, to accomplish such loading with the minimum spread of such compounds into the atmosphere by all means that are practicable; and no such loading or unloading shall be done near or adjacent to any place where there are or are likely to be, during the loading or unloading process assemblages of persons other than those engaged in the loading or unloading process, or upon any public highway or in any public place. OSHA regulations govern the safety and health of the workers and the responsibilities of employers to ensure their safety at the warehouse, dock, construction site, and in other places truckers go to deliver and pick up loads throughout the country. (3) Self-heating, solid, organic, n.o.s., UN3088, in PG II or III packaged in UN 1G fiber drums meeting the Packing Group II performance level requirements of subpart M of part 178 of this subchapter. It is not an official legal edition of the CFR. If there is an unintentional release of product to the environment during unloading of a liquefied compressed gas, the qualified person unloading the cargo tank motor vehicle must promptly shut the internal self-closing stop valve or other primary means of closure and shut down all motive and auxiliary power equipment. Vehicles must never be overloaded. [Amdt. WebHowever, interior combinations of axles, such as the "tractor bridge" (axles 1, 2, and 3) and "trailer bridge" (axles 2, 3, 4, and 5), must also comply with weights computed by the Bridge Formula (Figure 3). Notwithstanding the segregation requirements of 177.848(d), the following Division 4.2 (self-heating) materials may be transported on the same transport vehicle with Class 8 (corrosive) materials. Figure 3. Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Safari. (2) The qualified person attending the unloading operation must have an unobstructed view of the cargo tank and delivery hose to the maximum extent practicable, except during short periods when it is necessary to activate controls or monitor the receiving container. A separate drafting site For Federal Register citations affecting 177.837, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov. 177-87, 61 FR 27175, May 30, 1996]. 49 CFR 172.101 (3) There is no flame, either on the catalyst or anywhere in the heater. (a) Floors or platforms essentially flat. All cylinders must be secured so that no shifting occurs in transit. Special care shall be taken in the loading of any motor vehicle with Class 4 (flammable solid) or Class 5 (oxidizing) materials which are likely to become hazardous to transport when wet, to keep them from being wetted during the loading process and to keep them dry during transit. A cargo tank motor vehicle equipped with a specially designed delivery hose assembly to meet the requirements of 173.315(n)(2) of this subchapter may be unloaded using a delivery hose assembly provided by the receiving facility under the following conditions: (1) The qualified person monitoring unloading must visually examine the facility hose assembly for obvious defects prior to its use in the unloading operation. (If bonding is to the framing, it is essential that piping and framing be electrically interconnected.) The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. (o) Unloading of IM and UN portable tanks. In addition, OSHA has established a standard that requires "mechanical means" to be used to ensure that a truck is unable to move while being loaded and unloaded. The interior of the cargo space must be in good condition so that there will not be any likelihood of containers being damaged by exposed bolts, nuts, broken side panels or floor boards, or any similar projections. There are other federal agencies that guide rules for tractor trailers. Cylinders containing acetylene and manifolded as part of a mobile acetylene trailer system must be transported in accordance with 173.301(g) of this subchapter. (t) Unloading without appropriate emergency discharge control equipment. (d) Engine to be stopped in cargo tank motor vehicles, except for transfer pump. Any package containing any hazardous material, not permanently attached to a motor vehicle, must be secured against shifting, including relative motion between packages, within the vehicle on which it is being transported, under conditions normally incident to transportation. No person may unload an IM or UN portable tank while it remains on a transport vehicle with the motive power unit attached except under the following conditions: (1) The unloading operation must be attended by a qualified person in accordance with the requirements in paragraph (i) of this section. Bags shall not be piled closer than 15 cm (5.9 inches) from the top of any motor vehicle with a closed body. The sum of criticality safety indices (CSIs) for packages containing fissile material may not exceed 100 in an exclusive use vehicle. (1) Cylinders. 177-57, 48 FR 10247, Mar. No Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) material shall be transferred from one container to another, or from one motor vehicle to another vehicle, or from another vehicle to a motor vehicle, on any public highway, street, or road, except in case of emergency. This requirement does not apply if the activation device is part of a system that will shut off the unloading operation without human intervention in the event of a leak or separation in the hose. You are using an unsupported browser. The Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association Recommended Practice RP No. 10, 1983; Amdt. Class 1 (explosive) materials placards or markings required by 177.823 shall be secured, in the appropriate locations, directly to the equipment transporting the Class 1 (explosive) materials.